Total stations are considered as some of the most advanced pieces of surveying equipment in the modern surveying arsenal of each surveyor. If you are serious about land surveying, then it means that at one point, you have to get a total station. However, as is the case with the rest of the equipment that you are using, big brands usually tend to rule the market. The battle between Leica and Trimble is the most apparent one as these two tend to be among the first choices for a lot of surveyors.
That is not to say that these are your only two options when it comes to total station brands. There are many of them, with each one having its own advantages and disadvantages. In fact, there are a lot of affordable total station alternatives that can work even better than Leica, Trimble, Topcon, or any other big brand out there.
Here, we want to introduce you to some alternative brands and help you learn how to make a choice based on brands when it comes to your next total station purchase.
What is a Total Station?
A total station is one of the most advanced surveying instruments that you could use in land surveying. It combines the functions of a theodolite and an electronic distance measurement (EDM) device, helping it to at the same time measure angles and distances with extreme precision while storing all the gathered data and preparing it for processing.
Some of the main features that a total station includes are horizontal and vertical angle measurement, data integration capabilities, and laser or infrared distance measurement. Models like robotic total stations have added features like automated tracking, which help by enabling single-operator functionality.
Besides being used in surveying, engineering, and construction projects, total stations are very useful when it comes to boundary mapping, structural alignment, and opographic surveys. Their main advantage lies in the versatility and, not to mention, the accuracy that they have compared to other pieces of equipment available today. Professionals who are tackling complex measurement and layout challenges should definitely consider making things easier for themselves with the help of a total station.
Advantages of a Total Station
We already mentioned some advantages of total stations, but there are more than the obvious ones as people always tend to think of accuracy. A total station has a lot more to offer than that.
-
High Precision: Angular and distance measurements result in millimeter-level accuracy.
-
Data Integration: Includes onboard storage capabilities and is compatible with various software, helping it to streamline processing with seamless data transfer.
-
Versatility: It is capable of handling various types of tasks, including boundary marking, construction layout, and topographic mapping.
-
Cost-Effectiveness: Stands as a cheaper alternative to high-end GPS/GNSS systems, particularly for surveying smaller areas.
-
Automation: If you are using a robotic total station, it helps to reduce labor as a single operator can do everything by themselves.
Disadvantages of a Total Station
Total stations do sound amazing, but everything is not as perfect as it seems. These systems do have their shortcomings which you have ot be aware of before deciding to use them.
-
Environmental Limitations: Adverse weather conditions like fog or rain can impact the accuracy and performance of the device.
-
Line-of-Sight Requirement: It requires clear visibility for accurate measurements.
-
Learning Curve: Only skilled operators can use it effectively, so new users will need some time to learn how to use it.
-
Slower Over Large Areas: When it comes to larger areas, GNSS/GPS systems perform better than total stations.
-
Initial Investment: Compared to theodolites or laser levels, total stations are significantly more expensive and require a higher initial investment to get started.
Evaluation Criteria for Classic Total Station Devices
Many experts and professional surveyors are tied to a brand that they use no matter what. But when it comes to picking a total station for your own use, there are still certain criteria that you have to abide by. If you are thinking of switching brands or are just starting out or thinking of getting your first one, here are some steps that you can base your choice on.
-
Accuracy - The majority of total stations that you have today have an accuracy range between .5 arc-second to 10 arc seconds. Higher accuracy reduces rework, but it also means higher initial cost.
-
Ease of Use - Think about the user interface and the setup time of a total station. Some come with single or dual screens, with the latter being much more appropriate for use.
-
Software Compatibility - Be sure that the software you are using is compatible with the total station you want to get. Compatibility with CAD and GIS platforms should also be considered.
-
Security Features and Durability - Check if the station comes with anti-theft software, in case somebody decides to steal it. Also, durability plays an important factor, so be sure to look for ones that are resistant to dust, water, and temperature variations.
-
Weight - Total stations are not as light as other types of equipment. They can do a number on your back, particularly during a long day of surveying.
-
Battery Life - Speaking of long surveying days, you will have peace of mind if you know that the integrated battery is capable of going through an entire day’s work.
-
Features - Consider the add-ons that a station comes with. For instance, some have wireless data collectors, integration of laser scanning, robotic capabilities, and various other automation features.
-
Cost & Total Cost of Ownership - The upfront cost is one thing, which is not cheap for any total station. But you also need to account for the cost of maintenance and potential upgrades that could come into effect.
Leica vs Trimble Total Stations
When it comes to Leica vs Trimble total stations comparison, there really isn’t so much room to maneuver. The two brands have been around for a long time and are the best that the market can currently offer.
Leica total stations are mainly known for their robotics, tracking, and GNSS systems, but also provide advanced features and seamless data integration solutions. On the other hand, Trimble combines their very own GPS and total station technology, which results in versatile field solutions. Generally speaking, Trimble models are more precise, but Leica’s total stations are more dependable.
Other Notable Companies
Besides Leica and Trimble, there are some other affordable total station alternatives for surveys that people can consider. At the moment, those closest the two main ones are:
-
Sokkia: Another very popular brand, mainly due to the ruggedness of their devices, also offers high-precision total stations.
-
GeoMax: More suitable for simpler to mid-sized projects due to its simplicity of development.
-
Topcon: Mainly focuses on innovative solutions, specifically in robotic total stations that provide automation capabilities.
-
Stonex: Creates total stations with innovative features and manages to offer them at competitive rates.
-
Nikon: Reliable, durable, and easy to use devices, as simple as that.
Emerging Total Station Brand Alternatives
If you are looking for a cost-effective alternative, we also advise looking beyond the main brands. With surveying technology reaching its peak and many additional players getting into the business, there are a few emerging brands that have in no time managed to rank themselves closer to the top than you may think.
South
South Surveying & Mapping Instruments is a brand that has been making waves as of recently and many surveyors have started to notice. They are known for their affordable range of total stations that offer solid performance. Their main products include N1, N3, and N40 total stations series that are excellent for mapping needs. These include manual, graphic, and Android, while products like the Navi Station integrate GNSS technology.
As far as advanced features go, they have adopted dual laser EDM, long-range measurement, and on-board applications for tasks such as road design, stake-out, and area calculation. South total stations are used across various industries, including civil engineering, construction, mining, and land mapping.
|
South Total Stations |
Specifications |
|
Telescope:
Angle Measurement:
Distance Measurement (EDM):
Tracking & Locking:
Controller & Display:
Data & Interface:
Battery & Power:
Environmental:
|
|
|
Telescope:
Angle Measurement:
Distance Measurement (EDM):
Laser Plummet:
Data & Interface:
Battery & Power:
Environmental:
|
|
|
Telescope:
Angle Measurement:
Distance Measurement (EDM):
Laser Plummet:
Data & Interface:
Display:
Battery & Power:
Environmental:
|
Alpha
Alpha provides various types of total stations aimed at high-precision surveying and construction applications. Their products usually feature European optical technology, both robotic and Android-based versions. Most of their products have 2″ and 1″ angle accuracy and a 1000m non-prism measuring range, but is mostly reserved for their Ti series.
The Tx series of total stations are excellent for control measurements, tunnel engineering, and industrial applications due to better accuracy. R1 are robotic types of stations with 1″ angular accuracy and Automatic Precision Aiming and Automatic Prism Recognition technologies. As far as distance goes, most of their total stations are capable of a non-prism range up to 1000m or a single prism range up to 4000m.
|
Alpha Total Stations |
Specifications |
|
|
|
|
|
Which Total Station is Right for You?
When picking a total station, most people will look at costs. But you also have to be aware of the features, as those with advanced settings and are more accurate will require you to spend much more money on them. Generally speaking, you can buy a basic type of total station for as low as $10,000 or you can go premium and spend $100,000. But you should know that going out more and spending that amount of money is justified due to the features the instrument has.
Premium models are capable of delivering 30% better and have 15% lower rework incidence, according to the latest research. At the same time, if you don’t really need so advanced features and are happy with what a mid-range station can offer, you can still get that one as it fits your requirements for a job.
|
Model |
Price Range |
Features |
Accuracy |
|
Basic |
$10,000 - $25,000 |
|
±2-3 mm @ 100 m |
|
Mid-Range |
$25,000 - $50,000 |
|
±1.5-2 mm @ 100 m |
|
Premium |
$50,000 - $100,000+ |
|
±1-1.5 mm @ 100 m |
Comparing Total Stations to Other Equipment
Even though total stations are a solution for the majority of surveying situations, sometimes you may not need one. There are other surveying tools, cheaper ones, that might be suitable enough for you to finish the job.
Total Stations vs. Theodolites
Theodolites are enough for basic surveying tasks as they only measure angles. A total station measures the angle and the distance and is capable of storing the data that you collect for further research. The multifunctionality of a total station is well justified as is its price, while a theodolite can help you with only the basics and nothing more.
Robotic Total Stations vs. Manual Total Stations
While robotic total stations offer autonomy and speed with the entire surveying process, manual ones are more user-friendly and affordable. Picking between the two should depend on the complexity of the project, your needs, and the budget. Robotic total stations are much more accurate, reducing human errors and enhancing data accuracy. However, manual ones are lighter to carry and don’t break down so often due to simpler mechanics.
There is no right or wrong answer here, as a robotic total station is something that greatly enhances workflow. But at the same time it requires more cost and training to use. The choice will ultimately depend on your needs and the type of surveying project you will be working on.
Total Stations vs. GPS/GNSS Systems
Comparing GPS/GNSS surveying with total stations, the GPS/GNSS systems are much suitable for large-scale projects. You can use them for land mapping where the line of sight is not needed. Total stations are a better choice for localized tasks where precision is of utmost importance. Also, in situations where satellite coverage is compromised, in urban or construction sites, GPS/GNSS systems might not be of much use, leaving total stations as a better choice.
Total Stations vs. Laser Levels
Laser levels are often used for basic types of tasks that involve basic levelling like setting a foundation. But they don’t have any advanced measuring capabilities found in a total station. They can handle complex layouts and topographic mapping with precision, which is not possible with laser levels.
When to Use a Total Station? Affordable or Big Brands?
Using a total station is usually a preferred choice when it comes to mid-sized to large projects where you need absolute precision. Their advantage lies in using them for tasks like building layouts, boundary marking, road alignments, and topographic mapping. They are definitely not for projects like expansive terrain, such as large-scale mapping or agricultural surveys. They require a clear line of sight, where you may have to manually set up each point, significantly slowing down the entire process over vast areas.
But when it comes to picking between affordable and big brands, the choice is becoming clearer with each year. While bigger brands have been the top choice for so many years, smaller ones are gaining momentum and are catching up. Spending lots of money on a big brand guaranteed quality in the past. But the situation is not so clear cut today. There are so many newer types of brands that are capable of offering almost the same features at a lower price.
The best way would be to test things out or determine the situation based on the type of project you are planning to do.
FAQs
Here are a few added answers to the main questions that you still may have about affordable total station alternatives.
What are the alternatives to a total station?
Instead of a total station, surveyors could use GNSS and laser scanning technologies as an alternative. GNSS is especially useful in delivering plot points across vast terrains, while laser scanning can help capture highly detailed 3D data.
Which is more accurate, RTK or total station?
A total station is the piece of equipment that offers much better accuracy than an RTK system. Total stations are even more accurate in situations where the signal could experience interference. Therefore, it is best to pick a total station instead of RTK, especially if you require higher accuracy.
What is a universal total station?
A universal total station is capable of measuring millimeter-level accuracy based on the exact position, cross slope, and height of the grading attachment.
What is the best brand of total station?
Leica and Trimble are mostly considered as the top brands when it comes to total stations, with Topcon, Sokkia, and Nikon considered as some of the main ones as well.
What is the most accurate total station?
There are plenty ot accurate total stations available today, and the ones with 0.5” (sub-second) and distance accuracy of 0.6mm + 1ppm (sub-millimeter) should be considered as the most accurate.
What are the four types of total stations?
The four main types of total stations include robotic, reflectorless, GPS, and hybrid total stations.
